A27i — English: Three Knights, 3…g6 4.d4 exd4

1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 g6 4.d4 exd4 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes b5, d5 et g5, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c8 et f8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (les fous c1 et f1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; e4 (Centre d4+e4, libère Bf1) ; Be3 (Développer Bc1) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4) ; Tour sur colonne d.

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'centre (2 contre 1), la case forte b4, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte e.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c1 et f1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier g8, les fous c8 et f8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...d6 (Libérer Bc8) ; ...Nf6 (Développer Ng8) ; ...Be7 (Développer Bf8) ; ...Bg4 (Clouer Nf3).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	● d4, ● d7
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● centre 2v1

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● d5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v1)	● b4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v1), ● d5 (2v0), ● e4 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● e

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 7)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (c1, f1, a1, h1)	5 (g8, c8, f8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● e2-e3, ● e2-e4	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1934 Hastings3435 – Round 1 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Milner Barry, Philip – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Bg5 Bd7
1935 BCF Ch 28th – Round 4 – Golombek, Harry – 1-0 – Davey, Stanley Clifford – G9 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O h6 10. Be3 Kh7
1936 Trade Unions – Round 1 – Mazel, Isaak Y – 0-1 – Lisitsin, Georgy – G2 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. e3 Nge7 7. g3 O-O 8. Bg2 Nxd4 9. exd4 Nf5 10. Ne2 Re8
1937 Tbilisi ch-URS – Round 1 – Ragozin, Viacheslav – 1/2-1/2 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – G2 1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O Re8 10. e4 d6
1938 Bad Oeynhausen – Round 15 – Eliskases, Erich – 1/2-1/2 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G81 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nb3 Nge7 7. h4 h6 8. Bf4 d6 9. Qd2 b6 10. e3 Bb7
1942 Duras 60 Memorial – Round 6 – Zita, Filip – 1-0 – Saemisch, Friedrich – G23 1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 d6 7. e3 Nge7 8. Be2 Be6 9. Nd5 f5 10. Rb1 Bf7
1942 Moscow Ch – Round 1 – Ragozin, Viacheslav – 1/2-1/2 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – G3 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Qe7 8. Bg2 Qb4 9. O-O Qxc4 10. Bf4 Ne7
1943 UJCS-17.Kongress – Round 2 – Zita, Frantisek – 1-0 – Thelen, Bedrich – G6 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 Nge7 7. g3 d6 8. Bg2 O-O 9. Qd2 Be6 10. Ne3 Nf5
1945 Moscow Ch – Round 15 – Aramanovich, I – 0-1 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – G82 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nc3 h6 9. Bf4 d5 10. e3 Nf6
1946 POL Ch – Round 16 – Pytlakowski, Andrzej – 1-0 – Borowski, Natan – G92 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. e3 Nf6 7. Be2 O-O 8. O-O Nxd4 9. exd4 d5 10. cxd5 Nxd5
1946 USA Ch New York, NY USA – Round 1 – Sandrin Chodorge, Antoine – 1/2-1/2 – Horowitz, Albert Israel – G2 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nf6 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. Nb5 h6 9. Bxf6 Bxf6 10. Qd2 Bg7
1947 Parnu – Round ? – Renter, Raul – 1/2-1/2 – Flohr, Salo – G67 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Qe7 8. Bg2 Qb4 9. O-O Ba6 10. Nb5 Bxb5
1949 Budapest-Moscow – Round 7 – Florian, Tibor – 1/2-1/2 – Ragozin, Viacheslav – G47 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 d6 7. e3 Be6 8. Be2 Nge7 9. Nd5 O-O 10. O-O Ne5
1951 New York – Round 1 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 1/2-1/2 – Horowitz, Albert Israel – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Bg5 Rb8
1951 Wertheim Memorial – Round 8 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 1/2-1/2 – Horowitz, Albert Israel – G43 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Bg5 Rb8
1952 URS ch sf – Round 1 – Chaplinsky, Edgar – 0-1 – Bannik, Anatolij – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bf4 a5
1954 Prague zt – Round 14 – Szabo, Ladislav – 1-0 – Pachman, Ludek – G74 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 f6 7. Bf4 d6 8. Nxd4 a6 9. h4 h6 10. g3 f5
1955 URS Ch sf – Round 10 – Beilin, Mikhail – 0-1 – Chistiakov, Alexander – G11 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nxe7 Nxe7 9. Qd2 h6 10. Bh4 d5
1956 CSR Ch – Round 9 – Kozma, Julius – 1-0 – Marsalek, Josef – G76 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nxe7 Nxe7 9. Qd2 d5 10. e3 O-O
1964 Kiev ch-URS – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Goldenov, Boris P – G6 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Qe7 8. Bd2 Qe6 9. b3 Ne7 10. Rc1 Bb7
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-B – Round 10 – Bonner, Gerald – 1/2-1/2 – Hoen, Ragnar Harald – G111 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Qa4 Bd7
1964 WchT U26 11. fin-A – Round 6.1 – Brinck-Claussen, Bjorn – 1/2-1/2 – Hort, Vlastimil – G92 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Qd2 Bf5
1965 POL Ch 22th – Round 1 – Marszalek, Rafal – 0-1 – Sydor, Andrzej – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nxe7 Nxe7 9. Qd2 O-O 10. e3 Re8
1965 WchT U26 12. prel – Round 3 – Kavalek, Lubomir – 1-0 – Bleiman, Yaacov – G20 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O h6 10. Qd2 d6
1966 Harrachov – Round 1 – Kavalek, Lubomir – 1/2-1/2 – Taimanov, Mark E – G2 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Qe7 8. Bd2 Rb8 9. Rb1 Nf6 10. Bg2 O-O
1966 Hungary – Round 1 – Hajtun, Joseph – 0-1 – Tompa, Janos – G3 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. e3 Nf6 7. Be2 O-O 8. O-O Re8 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bf3 Bb7
1966 Lanjaron – Round 1 – O'Kelly, Albéric de Galway – 1-0 – Zinser, Sylvain – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 Nge7 7. e4 d6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qd2 Ne5 10. b3 Ng4
1966 Venice tt – Round 2 – Crepinsek, Ljubomir – 1-0 – Szabados, Eugenio – G8 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 f6 7. Bf4 d6 8. Nxd4 Nge7 9. Nb5 Nxd5 10. cxd5 Nb8
1967 Hoogovens – Round 4 – Darga, Klaus – 1/2-1/2 – Ghitescu, Theodor – G24 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 h6 6. Nxd4 a6 7. Bf4 d6 8. Nxc6 bxc6 9. Qd4 f6 10. Nc3 Bg7
1967 Sofia tt – Round 3 – Padevsky, Nikola – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G35 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 d6 7. e4 Nh6 8. Be2 O-O 9. Be3 f5 10. Qd2 Nf7
1967 Sofia tt – Round 4 – Ghitescu, Theodor – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G53 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nxe7 Nxe7 9. Qd2 O-O 10. e3 d5
1968 Bristol ch-BCF – Round 2 – Keene, Raymond D – 1-0 – Aabel Thomas Eapen – G32 1. Nf3 Nc6 2. c4 e5 3. Nc3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 Rb8 9. Qa4 a6 10. O-O c5
1968 CCOL5 fin 6568 – Round ? – Poder, William – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 d6 6. Nxd4 Be6 7. Nxc6 bxc6 8. Qd4 f6 9. Qe4 Kf7 10. Nf4 Bd7
1969 Buesum – Round 3 – Larsen, Bent Ravn – 1-0 – Huebner, Robert – G13 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O Rb8 10. Qc2 Nf5
1969 Capablanca Memorial – Round 13 – Garcia Martinez, Salomon – 0-1 – Drimer, Dolfi – G94 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 d6 7. g3 h5 8. h4 Nh6 9. Bg5 f6 10. Bd2 Ne5
1969 DSV-Turnier – Round 2 – Zinn, Lothar – 1/2-1/2 – Vogt, Lothar – G6 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nc3 Qa5 9. Qd2 d5 10. Nb3 Qb4
1969 Praia da Rocha zt – Round 9 – Filip, Miroslav – 1-0 – Huguet, Bernard – G26 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Qa4 Be6
1969 Team match FRG-CSR – Round 1 – Kestler, Hans-Guenther – 1-0 – Hlousek, Zdenek – G3 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 d6 9. O-O O-O 10. Qa4 Be6
1969 WchT U26 qual-A – Round 1 – McGrillen, Hugh – 0-1 – Tukmakov, Vladimir B – G1 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. e3 Nf6 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O d5 10. Bf3 Ba6
6. World Blitz 2010 – Round 35 – Andreikin, Dmitry – 1-0 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G251 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Qd2 a5
Biel Interzonal 1993 – Round 3 – Hansen, Curt – 0-1 – Barua, Dibyendu – G59 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nc2 d6 7. e4 Nge7 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O f5 10. exf5 Nxf5
FIDE World Cup 2017 – Round 1.1 – Giri, Anish – 1-0 – Dzagnidze, Nana – G3 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Bg5 Be6
Saint Louis Blitz 2019 – Round 7.2 – Aronian, Levon – 1/2-1/2 – Rapport, Richard – G32 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Be3 Nf6 7. g3 O-O 8. Bg2 Ng4 9. Nxc6 dxc6 10. Bc5 Re8
Tata Steel India Rapid 2018 – Round 7.5 – So, Wesley – 1/2-1/2 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – G35 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O d6 10. Bg5 Be6
World Blitz 2021 – Round 14.34 – Abdusattorov, Nodirbek – 1-0 – Czarnota, Pawel – G831 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Ne7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O Rb8 10. Qc2 d5
World Rapid 2019 – Round 6.56 – Ivanisevic, Ivan – 1-0 – Can, Ecrin Azra – G411 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nd5 Bg7 6. Bg5 Nce7 7. Nxd4 c6 8. Nc3 Nf6 9. e4 O-O 10. Qf3 Ng4
World Rapid 2021 – Round 2.3 – Vakhidov, Jakhongir – 0-1 – Duda, Jacob – G90 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 g6 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Nxc6 dxc6 7. Qxd8+ Kxd8 8. e4 Be6 9. Bf4 a5 10. O-O-O+ Kc8

A27i — Three Knights

1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 g6 4.d4 exd4

Eval: [+0.30]

Les coups candidats

5.Nxd4 — 84.4% (1091 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : McNab, Colin A (11x), Banas, Jan (10x), Jirka, Jiri (7x), Ragozin, Viacheslav (6x), Uhlmann, Wolfgang (6x), Hebert, Jean (6x), Alatortsev, Vladimir N. (5x), Stanec, Nikolaus (5x)

5.Nd5 — 15.5% (200 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Onischuk, Alexander (4x), Zinn, Lothar (3x), Petek, Pavel (3x), Richardson, Keith B (3x), Armonaitis, Silvestras (3x), Shilov, Saveliy (3x), Ghitescu, Theodor (2x), Pachman, Ludek (2x)

5.Bg5 — 0.1% (1 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Aghayev, Nijat (1x), Pourramezanali, Amirreza (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5.Nxd4	5.Nd5	5.Bg5
<1800	12	100%	—	—
1800-2200	357	84%	16%	—
2200-2600	655	85%	15%	0%
2600+	24	92%	8%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5.Nxd4	5.Nd5	5.Bg5
1920s	1	100%	—	—
1930s	10	100%	—	—
1940s	14	79%	21%	—
1950s	8	50%	50%	—
1960s	33	64%	36%	—
1970s	64	86%	14%	—
1980s	91	85%	15%	—
1990s	309	86%	14%	—
2000s	322	87%	13%	—
2010s	349	83%	17%	0%
2020s	91	82%	18%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5.Nxd4	83%	82%	▼ -0.7%
5.Nd5	17%	18%	▲ +1.0%
5.Bg5	0%	0%	-0.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Euwe, Max — 1 partie
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5.Nxd4 — 84.4% (1091 parties)

1927 — Reti, Richard vs Perez Wertheim, Rodolfo — 1-0 — The Hague NED
1933 — Wolthuis, Jan Aksel vs Reid, Peter — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1934 — Euwe, Max vs Milner Barry, Philip — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1935 — Golombek, Harry vs Davey, Stanley Clifford — 1-0 — Great Yarmouth
1935 — Trifunovic, Peter vs Vistinietzki, Itzhak — 1-0 — Warsaw POL

5.Nd5 — 15.5% (200 parties)

1945 — Aramanovich, I vs Alatortsev, Vladimir N. — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1946 — Sandrin Chodorge, Antoine vs Horowitz, Albert Israel — 1/2-1/2 — USA-ch New York, NY USA
1947 — Mikenas, Vladas vs Poliak, Abram — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1954 — Szabo, Laszlo vs Pachman, Ludek — 1-0 — Chech Republic
1954 — Szabo, Ladislav vs Pachman, Ludek — 1-0 — Prague CZE

5.Bg5 — 0.1% (1 parties)

2015 — Aghayev, Nijat vs Pourramezanali, Amirreza — 0-1 — Baku AZE

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