Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● d6→e5, c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● d5 (2v1)	● g4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● d2-d4	● …d6-d5

A22h — English: King’s, 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 d6

1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 d6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. d4 (Occuper le centre — 66 % des parties) ; g3 (Préparer le fianchetto — 26 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Nbd7 (Développer b8 — 47 % des parties) ; ...g6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 14 % des parties) ; ...e4 (Occuper le centre — 9 % des parties) ; ...Be7 (Développer f8 — 8 % des parties) ; ...c6 (Renforcer le centre — 7 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1921 DSB-21.Kongress – Round 7 – Carls, Carl – 1-0 – Gregory, Bernhard – G30 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O c6 7. d3 h6 8. h3 Nh7 9. e4 f5 10. Qe2 Nf6
1925 Baden Baden – Round 10 – Carls, Carl – 1-0 – Carlos Torre Repetto – G9 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O Nc6 7. d3 Bd7 8. h3 h6 9. Kh2 Nh7 10. Ng1 f5
1925 Baden-Baden – Round 1 – Carls, Carl – 1-0 – De La Torre Huertas, Carlos – G13 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e5 3. Nc3 d6 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O Nc6 7. d3 Bd7 8. h3 h6 9. Kh2 Nh7 10. Ng1 f5
1932 Leningrad – Round 6 – Lisitsin, Georgy – 1-0 – Goldberg, Grigory A – G19 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 e5 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. d4 Nc6 7. d5 Nb8 8. Qc2 a5 9. b3 Na6 10. O-O Bd7
1933 Folkestone Olympiad 5th – Round 2.14 – Petrov, Vladimir S. – 1-0 – Gilfer, Eggert – G14 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Nc6 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. b3 h6 8. Bb2 Bg4 9. d4 Bxf3 10. Bxf3 Nxd4
1947 Hungary – Round 1 – Barcza, Gedeon – 1-0 – Benko, Pal – G2 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. e3 g6 5. d4 Nbd7 6. Be2 Bg7 7. O-O O-O 8. b3 Re8 9. Bb2 a5 10. Nb5 Ne4
1951 Zonal Bad Pyrmont GER – Round 13 – Golombek, Harry – 1/2-1/2 – Unzicker, Wolfgang – G21 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d6 3. Nc3 e5 4. d3 Nbd7 5. g3 g6 6. Bg2 Bg7 7. O-O O-O 8. Bd2 Re8 9. Qc2 c6 10. Ne4 d5
1952 Liverpool – Round 7 – Nyren, B. – 0-1 – Bronstein, David I – G11 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 d6 4. e4 g6 5. Be2 Bg7 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 Nbd7 8. Ne1 Nc5 9. f4 exf4 10. Bxf4 Ne6
1954 Liberation – Round 18 – Barcza, Gedeon – 1-0 – Pilnik, Herman – G37 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. e3 c6 5. d4 Nbd7 6. Be2 Be7 7. O-O O-O 8. b4 Re8 9. Qc2 Bf8 10. Rd1 exd4
1955 Buenos Aires CA – Round 3 – Benko, Francisco – 0-1 – Panno, Oscar – G25 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 d6 4. d3 g6 5. g3 Bg7 6. Bg2 Nbd7 7. O-O O-O 8. Bd2 a5 9. Rb1 Re8 10. Qc2 Nc5
1957 Bratislava Bratislava SVK – Round 9 – Filip, Miroslav – 1/2-1/2 – Plater, Kazimierz – G36 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 c6 6. O-O O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. h3 Bf8 9. e4 c5 10. d3 Nc6
1959 FRG Ch Nuerenberg GER – Round 8 – Schmid, Lothar – 1-0 – Weise, Dieter – G26 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Nc6 5. Bg2 Be7 6. d4 O-O 7. O-O Re8 8. h3 Bf5 9. d5 Na5 10. Nd2 c5
1962 It IIa Beverwijk NED – Round 6 – Eising, Johannes – 1/2-1/2 – Puig Laborda, Jorge – G13 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. e3 g6 5. Be2 Bg7 6. d4 Nbd7 7. O-O O-O 8. b3 Re8 9. Ba3 exd4 10. Nxd4 Nb6
1967 FRG Ch Kiel GER – Round 14 – Eising, Johannes – 1/2-1/2 – Teufel, Juergen – G55 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 e5 4. g3 Nc6 5. Bg2 g6 6. O-O Bg7 7. Rb1 a5 8. a3 Bf5 9. d3 Qd7 10. Re1 O-O
1968 Budapest – Round 1 – Berczy, Jozsef – 0-1 – Toth, Bela – G6 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 d6 4. e4 c5 5. Be2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Ne1 Nc6 8. f4 exf4 9. Rxf4 Nd4 10. Nc2 Nxc2
1975 URS Team Ch – Round 2 – Mordvintsev, V. – 0-1 – Heuer, Valter – G17 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. e3 g6 5. Be2 Bg7 6. O-O O-O 7. b3 Nc6 8. Bb2 Bg4 9. h3 Bd7 10. d4 Re8
FIDE WCh KO 2000 – Round 1.7 – Psakhis, Lev – 0-1 – Dizdarevic, Emir – G48 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 d6 4. g3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O Re8 7. d4 Nbd7 8. Qc2 c6 9. Rd1 Qc7 10. e4 a6

A22h — King’s (1921)

1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 d6

Les coups candidats

4.d4 — 49.1% (1667 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Uhlmann, Wolfgang (13x), Honfi, Karoly (7x), Fedukin, Alexandre (7x), Sarosy, Zoltan L (5x), Ginsburg, Mark (5x), Cafferty, Bernard (5x), Piasetski, Leon (5x), Anay Barche (3x)

4.g3 — 36.9% (1252 parties)

Ambassadeurs : O'Cinneide, Mel (3x), Hansson, Dan (3x), Despotovic, Momcilo (3x), Eising, Johannes (3x), Gunnarsson, Arnar (3x), Miltner, Arndt (3x), Ibarra Jerez, Jose Carlos (3x), Contin, Daniel (3x)

4.d3 — 7.4% (253 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Golombek, Harry (2x), Fuglsang, Flemming (2x), Bank Friis, Carsten (2x), Villing, Dieter (2x), Biti, Ozren (2x), Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. (1x), Bouwmeester, Hans (1x), Wotulo, Max (1x)

4.e4 — 3.3% (112 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Dotan, Valeria (3x), Krause, Christian (2x), Rowe, Peter (2x), Berczy, Jozsef (1x), Toth, Bela (1x), Nyren, B. (1x), Bronstein, David I (1x), Hantke, Rolf (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.d4	4.g3	4.d3	4.e4
<1800	319	35%	45%	10%	5%
1800-2200	1329	45%	38%	10%	3%
2200-2600	990	59%	35%	3%	2%
2600+	12	83%	17%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.d4	4.g3	4.d3	4.e4
1950s	69	71%	20%	3%	1%
1960s	73	71%	16%	7%	1%
1970s	142	65%	28%	1%	2%
1980s	224	63%	32%	3%	1%
1990s	719	47%	41%	7%	3%
2000s	995	45%	38%	9%	4%
2010s	908	46%	38%	9%	3%
2020s	266	48%	34%	7%	6%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.d4	46%	48%	▲ +1.4%
4.g3	38%	34%	▼ -3.9%
4.d3	9%	7%	▼ -2.5%
4.e4	3%	6%	▲ +2.9%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 5 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 4 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.d4 — 49.1% (1667 parties)

1950 — Zalys, Ignas vs Tanguay, Alexandre — 1-0 — Montreal CAN
1950 — Ravinsky, Grigory vs Beilin, Mikhail — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1951 — Kramer, Haije vs Teschner, Rudolf — 0-1 — Travemuende
1951 — Guimaraes, Sergio Murilo Soares vs Garrido, Nadio — 0-1 — Fortaleza BRA
1951 — Musmann, Lothar vs Richter, Hans Gerd — 1/2-1/2 — Leipzig GER

4.g3 — 36.9% (1252 parties)

1952 — Lilloni Luciano vs Matteucci, Guido — 1-0 — Ferrara ITA
1953 — Romanovsky, Pjotr vs Poletaev, Stanislav — 1-0 — ?
1955 — Bibshev vs Lein, Andreas — 1-0 — Finland
1955 — Koberl, Ferenc vs Sandor, Bela — 0-1 — Budapest HUN
1955 — Abanin, Vladimir vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

4.d3 — 7.4% (253 parties)

1951 — Golombek, Harry vs Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. — 1/2-1/2 — Zonal Bad Pyrmont GER
1955 — Benko, Francisco vs Panno, Oscar — 0-1 — Buenos Aires ARG
1961 — Golombek, Harry vs Bouwmeester, Hans — 0-1 — Zevenaar
1961 — Wilcox, Rex vs Cunningham, Walter — 1/2-1/2 — San Francisco, CA USA
1963 — Kattinger, Ingeborg vs Renoy Chevrier, Anne Marie — 1/2-1/2 — Split CRO

4.e4 — 3.3% (112 parties)

1952 — Nyren, B. vs Bronstein, David I — 0-1 — Liverpool
1968 — Berczy, Jozsef vs Toth, Bela — 0-1 — Budapest HUN
1970 — Hantke, Rolf vs Busch, Raimund — 1-0 — Moeller Werke
1973 — Cleeve, John F. vs Lindrecs, R.. — 1-0 — ?
1977 — Lipinsky, E. vs Croushore, Dean — 0-1 — Columbus,OH op

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