A04z — Reti: 1…c5

1.Nf3 c5 2.g3 g6 3.Bg2 Bg7 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b1, le fou c1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; d3 (Libérer Bc1) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4) ; c3 (Préparer d4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la case forte d4, un fou actif en g7 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c1 et g2 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (les cavaliers b8 et g8, le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. ...d6 (Libérer Bc8) ; ...Nc6 (Développer Nb8) ; ...Nf6 (Développer Ng8) ; ...c4 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→g3, h2→g3	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	—	● d4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bg2	● Bg2 Enfermé (mob. 2)
Bg7		● Bg7 Actif (mob. 7)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● g8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c2-c3, ● d2-d3, ● e2-e3	● …c5-c4, ● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …e7-e6, ● …e7-e5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1951 GER Ch 14th – Round 19 – Lange, Wilfried – 1-0 – Jaeger, Walter – G51 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c4 Nc6 5. d3 e6 6. O-O Nge7 7. Na3 d5 8. Rb1 d4 9. Nc2 a5 10. e3 e5
1952 Helsinki olm – Round 1 – Gaitanaros, George – 1/2-1/2 – German, Eugenio – G279 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c4 Nc6 5. O-O b6 6. Nc3 Bb7 7. e3 Nf6 8. d4 O-O 9. Ne5 Na5 10. Nd5 d6
1960 Atlantida – Round 1 – Rivarola, Benigno – 0-1 – Schweber, Samuel – G11 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. O-O f5 5. d3 Nf6 6. c4 O-O 7. Nc3 Nc6 8. Be3 d6 9. Qc1 Rb8 10. Bh6 a6
1960 Avantgard Ch – Round 11 – Sakhanovich – 1-0 – Sakharov, Yuri N – G60 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 c5 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 Nf6 7. O-O h5 8. h3 d6 9. Nc3 Bd7 10. e4 Qc8
1961 FRG Ch – Round 1 – Clemens, Christian, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Kestler, Hans-Guenther – G3 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c4 Nf6 5. O-O O-O 6. Nc3 d5 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Nxd5 Qxd5 9. d3 Nc6 10. Be3 Bxb2
1961 FRG Ch 06th – Round 5 – Clemens, Christian, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Eising, Johannes – G11 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 c5 4. c4 Nc6 5. O-O Rb8 6. Nc3 a6 7. b3 b5 8. cxb5 axb5 9. Bb2 d6 10. Qc1 e5
1962 Olympiad Varna BUL – Round 1 – Lindblom, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – G12 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 c5 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Be3 Nf6 7. Nxc6 bxc6 8. O-O O-O 9. c4 Qc7 10. Nc3 Rb8
1963 Capablanca Memorial – Round 15 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Wade, Robert G – G145 1. g3 c5 2. Nf3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 Nf6 7. e4 O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nd5 b6 10. O-O Ba6
1963 Split ol women – Round 6 – Konarkowska-Sokolov, Henrijeta – 0-1 – Gaprindashvili, Nona – G18 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 c5 4. d3 Nc6 5. e4 d6 6. c3 e5 7. Nbd2 Nge7 8. O-O O-O 9. Ne1 Be6 10. h3 Qd7
1964 Budapest ch-HUN – Round 1 – Hajtun, Jozsef – 0-1 – Flesch, Jean-benoit – G158 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. c4 Nh6 8. O-O Nf5 9. Nd2 Rb8 10. Nb3 Ba6
1964 UKR Ch – Round 2 – Levitsky, Anatoly – 0-1 – Rotstein, Jefim – G12 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. O-O Nf6 5. c4 O-O 6. Nc3 d5 7. Nxd5 Nxd5 8. cxd5 Qxd5 9. d3 Nc6 10. a3 Qh5
1965 POL Ch 22th – Round 6 – Filipowicz, Andrzej – 1-0 – Marszalek, Rafal – G33 1. g3 g6 2. Bg2 Bg7 3. Nf3 c5 4. O-O e5 5. d3 Ne7 6. e4 O-O 7. Be3 d6 8. c3 Nbc6 9. Qd2 b6 10. d4 Bg4
1966 Hungary – Round 1 – Flesch, János – 1-0 – Szilagyi, Gyorgy Laszlo – G35 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. e4 Nc6 5. O-O d6 6. c3 e5 7. a3 a5 8. a4 Nf6 9. Re1 O-O 10. Na3 Ne8
1966 It II Beverwijk NED – Round 11 – Beni, Alfred – 0-1 – Ree, Hans – G36 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. O-O Nf6 8. c4 O-O 9. Nc3 Qa5 10. Qc2 Qh5
1969 Sweden – Round 1 – Ahman Ernst – 0-1 – Jansson, Borje – G70 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 c5 4. d3 Nc6 5. c3 e6 6. Na3 Nge7 7. Bd2 O-O 8. O-O Rb8 9. Qc1 d5 10. e4 b6
1969 Tallinn it – Round 10 – Stein, Leonid – 1-0 – Arulaid, Alexander – G41 1. g3 c5 2. Bg2 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 Nf6 7. e4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nc3 Bd7 10. Nd5 Nxd5
1972 San Antonio – Round 1 – Byrne, Donald – 0-1 – Browne, Walter Shawn – G117 1. g3 c5 2. Bg2 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. O-O Rb8 8. Nd2 Nf6 9. c4 O-O 10. Qa4 Qb6
1974 Manila – Round 1 – Sunye Neto, Jaime – 1-0 – Miles, Anthony J – G140 1. Nf3 g6 2. g3 c5 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 d6 7. O-O Be6 8. Nc3 Rc8 9. Be3 Nf6 10. Nd4 Bd7
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 9.12 – Kantans, Toms – 0-1 – Illescas Cordoba, Miguel – G619 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 d6 7. Nc3 Be6 8. O-O Bxc3 9. bxc3 Qd7 10. Re1 Bh3
Amber-blindfold 18th 2009 – Round 7 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Leko, Peter – G24 1. g3 c5 2. Bg2 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 Nf6 7. Nc3 O-O 8. e4 d6 9. h3 Be6 10. O-O a5
Belgrade 1989 – Round 1 – Damljanovic, Branko – 0-1 – Kasparov, Garry – G23 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 d6 7. Nc3 Nf6 8. O-O O-O 9. e4 Bg4 10. f3 Be6
FIDE World Cup 2017 – Round 1.2 – Balogun, Oluwafemi Daniel – 0-1 – Carlsen, Magnus – G120 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d3 Nc6 5. c3 e5 6. a3 Nge7 7. O-O a6 8. b4 d6 9. Nfd2 O-O 10. Nb3 cxb4
Linares 1985 – Round 1 – Vaganian, Rafael A – 1/2-1/2 – Portisch, Lajos – G29 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 d6 7. O-O Be6 8. Nc3 Qd7 9. Nd5 Rc8 10. e4 Bh3
OHRA 1984 – Round 2 – Gutman, Leni – 0-1 – Portisch, Lajos – G5 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. O-O Rb8 8. Nd2 Qc7 9. e4 d6 10. Re1 Nf6
PCA, Tal Memorial 1995 – Round 4 – Kengis, Edvins – 0-1 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – G8 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c3 e5 5. O-O Ne7 6. d4 cxd4 7. cxd4 e4 8. Ne5 f6 9. Nc4 d5 10. Ne3 Nbc6
World Blitz 2009 – Round 13 – Bareev, Evgeny – 0-1 – Gashimov, Vugar – G135 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 Qc7 6. O-O O-O 7. Na3 d6 8. dxc5 Qxc5 9. Be3 Qa5 10. Qb3 Nc6
World Blitz 2016 – Round 3.3 – Radjabov, Teimour – 1-0 – Bok, Benjamin – G117 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. c3 e5 5. d3 Ne7 6. O-O O-O 7. a3 d5 8. e4 Nbc6 9. Re1 h6 10. b4 dxe4
World Blitz 2022 – Round 14.73 – Vetokhin, Savva – 1-0 – Bologan, Victor – G775 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nb3 Nf6 7. c4 d6 8. O-O h5 9. Nc3 h4 10. c5 hxg3
World Blitz 2022 – Round 18.7 – Fedoseev, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Rapport, Richard – G987 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 g6 3. Bg2 Bg7 4. O-O Nf6 5. c4 Nc6 6. d4 O-O 7. dxc5 Qa5 8. Be3 Ng4 9. Bd2 Qxc5 10. Qc1 Qh5

A04z —

1.Nf3 c5 2.g3 g6 3.Bg2 Bg7

Les coups candidats

4.O-O — 61.3% (3495 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bilek, Istvan (17x), Forintos, Gyozo V (10x), Lomsadze, Davit (10x), Csom, Istvan (9x), Szalanczi, Emil (9x), Doda, Zbigniew (8x), Ribli, Zoltan (8x), Todorcevic Antic, Miodrag (8x)

4.c4 — 18.4% (1047 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Loginov, Valery A (18x), Koehler, Josef (8x), Forintos, Gyozo V (6x), Kulpruethanon, Thanadon (6x), Barcza, Gedeon (5x), Maletin, Pavel (5x), Vaulin, Alexander P. (4x), Ermenkov, Evgenij (4x)

4.d4 — 8.9% (505 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gutman, Lev (22x), Gutman, Leni (10x), Planinec, Albin (6x), Kekki, Jorma (6x), Dorfman, Iossif (5x), Zhelesny, Stanislav (5x), Van der Vliet, Fred (4x), Gheorghiu, Florin (4x)

4.d3 — 6.2% (354 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Belezky, Alexander (8x), Gierse, Heinz-Dieter, Dr. (5x), Ebner, Walter (5x), Wesnigk, Karl-Heinz (3x), Zivkovic, Zivojin (3x), García Velayos, Carlos Enrique (3x), Andersen, Borge (2x), Hesse, Peter (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.O-O	4.c4	4.d4	4.d3
<1800	113	62%	9%	6%	13%
1800-2200	1893	58%	19%	8%	10%
2200-2600	2790	63%	19%	10%	3%
2600+	99	63%	19%	13%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.O-O	4.c4	4.d4	4.d3
1930s	1	—	—	—	100%
1940s	1	100%	—	—	—
1950s	26	50%	42%	—	—
1960s	148	66%	22%	5%	3%
1970s	335	69%	11%	11%	3%
1980s	374	64%	11%	13%	5%
1990s	999	63%	18%	7%	7%
2000s	1376	59%	17%	9%	9%
2010s	2032	60%	21%	9%	6%
2020s	411	62%	23%	9%	3%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.O-O	60%	62%	▲ +2.1%
4.c4	21%	23%	▲ +2.1%
4.d4	9%	9%	-0.4%
4.d3	6%	3%	▼ -2.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kasparov, Garry — 5 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 3 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 2 parties
Hou, Yifan — 2 parties
Gukesh D — 2 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Ding, Liren — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.O-O — 61.3% (3495 parties)

1948 — Benderev, Yurij vs Dimitrov Krastev, Krastjo — 0-1 — Sofia BUL
1955 — Gabrovsek Zdravko vs Bogdanovic, Rajko — 0-1 — Ljubljana
1956 — Kostiuchenko, Alexander vs Rotstein, Jefim — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
1956 — Evans, Larry vs Reshevsky, Samuel — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA
1957 — Fuchs, Reinhart vs Eising, Johannes — 1/2-1/2 — Soemmerda

4.c4 — 18.4% (1047 parties)

1951 — Lange, Wilfried vs Jaeger, Walter — 1-0 — Duesseldorf GER
1952 — Gaitanaros, George vs German, Eugenio — 1/2-1/2 — Helsinki olm
1953 — Fuchs, Reinhart vs Knothe, Karl — 1/2-1/2 — GDR-ch Jena GER
1956 — Lisitsin, Georgy vs Bannik, Anatolij — 0-1 — Leningrad ch-URS
1957 — Popov, Vesselin vs Milev, Zdravko — 1/2-1/2 — Sofia BUL

4.d4 — 8.9% (505 parties)

1960 — Sakhanovich vs Sakharov, Yuri N — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
1962 — Lindblom, Peter vs Malich, Burkhard, Dr. — 1/2-1/2 — Olympiad Varna BUL
1963 — Korchnoi, Viktor vs Wade, Robert G — 1-0 — Havana CUB
1964 — Hajtun, Jozsef vs Flesch, Jean-benoit — 0-1 — Budapest ch-HUN
1965 — Hollis, Adrian vs Keene, Raymond D — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG

4.d3 — 6.2% (354 parties)

1935 — Lange, Wilfried vs Richter, Kurt P — 0-1 — Hannover GER
1962 — Flesch, Janos vs Strugach, Leonid — 1/2-1/2 — Minsk BLR
1963 — Konarkowska-Sokolov, Henrijeta vs Gaprindashvili, Nona — 0-1 — Split CRO
1965 — Hansen, Victor Juul vs Andersen, Borge — 0-1 — ?
1965 — Hansen, Victor vs Andersen, Borge — 0-1 — Aalborg ch-DEN

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